qudpsocket. If you need a socket, you have two options: Instantiate QTcpSocket or QUdpSocket. qudpsocket

 
 If you need a socket, you have two options: Instantiate QTcpSocket or QUdpSocketqudpsocket  Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search

So I did it using Berkeley sockets. QtNetwork. Since you tagged as congestion-control, I guess you already have an idea of what is happening. Hello, I am trying to get data from a LAN-connected infrared camera. If I create object to work with QUdpsocket in try-catch block, signal readyread() don't work. QUdpSocket::ShareAddress : Allow other services to bind to the same address and port. If the work you do on the received data takes some time, maybe the sending rate is too much higher than the reading rate, resulting in a big signal queue so the qt system blocks the signal? QUdpSocket はバッファリングをまったく使用せず、オペレーティング システムによって提供される暗黙的なバッファリングに依存します。このため、 QUdpSocket でこの関数を呼び出しても効果はありません。 readBufferSize および read も参照してください。 Update: I found out what was the problem and I solved it. QUdpsocket losses datagrams while processing previous one. QHostAddress. Otherwise you can enter an IP address (or. I think you won't have to move socket to other thread. Just to give some context to the below code - a button press on the UI calls 'setupNewSocket' on a. One is en0 , another one is en6. Yes. 255. In RemoteConnection's run() method I create a QUdpSocket object and connect it's readyRead() signal to RemoteConnection's readyRead Slot. cpp without GUI: #include "server. 详细说明 QUdpSocket类提供UDP套接字。 UDP(用户数据报协议)是一种轻量级,不可靠,面向数据报的无连接协议。当可靠性不重要时可以使用它。 QUdpSocket是QAbstractSocket的子类,它允许您发送和接收UDP数据报。Python QUdpSocket - 53 examples found. The most common way to use this class is to bind to an address and port. Create a native socket descriptor, instantiate QAbstractSocket, and call setSocketDescriptor() to wrap the native socket. 0), and there are two interfaces the datagram is received on. C++ (Cpp) QUdpSocket - 30 examples found. you can use the signal readyread () of a socket to execute a slot when you recive data: In the slot you can write this code that saves in a QString what you recive: void MainWindow::slot () { QString data = ""; while (socket->hasPendingDatagrams ()) { QByteArray datagram; datagram. js: how to get remote client address. And then when I run nestat on ubuntu it shows that port in use. Examples at hotexamples. So that's the object that's going to be receiving the datagrams. Ask Question Asked 5 years, 6 months ago. flags BindMode. Since you send to many targets, the congestion certainly happens in your side of the network. The main difference is that QUdpSocket transfers data as datagrams instead of as a continuous stream of data. 0. We want to take advantage of the event loop triggering the readyRead (). It can. connectToHost(target_address, 0); socket. QUdpSocket is a subclass of QAbstractSocket that allows you to send and receive UDP datagrams. 客户端. QUdpSocket doesn't emit readyRead() signal. #include <QHostAddress> #include <QUdpSocket> QUdpSocket *m_socket=new QUdpSocket; m_socket. In short, a datagram is a data packet of limited size (normally smaller. , you must first. QUdpSocket does not trigger ReadyRead signal. 1 (MinGW32), so I tried to use a QUdpSocket. enum. The QUdpSocket class allows you to send and receive UDP datagrams. 4. I am working on Qt app, which is basically QTcpServer containing several QTcpSocket and QUdpSocket objects. QAbstractSocket is inherited both by QTcpSocket and QUdpSocket, two classes with very different modes of interaction. TCP. Public Functions QUdpSocket(QObject *parent = nullptr) virtual ~QUdpSocket() bool. @G. QTcpSocket is a convenience subclass of QAbstractSocket that allows you to establish a TCP connection and transfer streams of data. So here is the task: I have 2 PCs. Then rxDataEvent is defined below: void CIpComms::rxDataEvent(void) { QByteArray rxData; QHostAddress sender; quint16 senderPort; while (udpSocket->hasPendingDatagrams()) { // Resize and zero byte buffer so we can make way for the new data. QNetworkDatagram encapsulates the following information of a datagram:. QtNetwork. 在第一种方法中,当您绑定套接字 bind (QHostAddress::Any, 7755) 时,它将侦听系统上的所有接口;因此,它将在知道至少有一个接口打开的情况下成功绑定。. The QUdpSocket class can be used to send and receive UDP datagrams. This topic has been deleted. From my Qt Code, I can see that the data is being written, however, the Python program on Windows sits forever on "Waiting for data". C++ (Cpp) QUdpSocket::close - 10 examples found. To receive a datagram you must first bind. QAbstractSocket::waitForBytesWritten () is not allowed in UnconnectedState. One that expects a const char* and a size, and the other that expects a QByteArray reference. Segments are stored with their sequence. Although you call bind before connect, the bind on QUdpSocket makes a non-blocking call, meaning, that the bind might be delayed. 199, the en6'IP is 192. C++ (Cpp) QUdpSocket::bind - 30 examples found. 3. Note This class or function is reentrant. Running the Examples #. Learn more about Teams In first method, when you bind the socket bind (QHostAddress::Any, 7755) it will listen on all interfaces on your system; thus it will bind successfully knowing that at least one interface is up. 1. My bet is that the interfaces you receive it on. Also, I recommend you create a much smaller test-project where you can experiment and test things, to make sure everything works before adding them to the larger main project. It is especially well suited for continuous transmission of data. It inherits QAbstractSocket, and it therefore shares most of QTcpSocket's interface. Qt Essentials define the foundation of Qt on all platforms. the payload data; the sender address and port number; the destination address and port number; the remaining hop count limit. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. g. if I send a broadcast datagram, instead of on localhost, both processes receive the message. These are the top rated real world Python examples of PyQt5. Show Hide. These are the top rated real world C++ (Cpp) examples of QTcpSocket::readAll extracted from open source projects. QTcpSocket and QUdpSocket inherit most of their functionality from QAbstractSocket. If you need a socket, you have two options: Instantiate QTcpSocket or QUdpSocket. Use setMulticastInterface() to control the outgoing interface for multicast datagrams, and. 1. Blocking Receiver. 1. 6. QUdpSocket readyRead never emitted. This example shows the drawing of microphone samples vs audio level. If you need a socket, you have two options: Instantiate QTcpSocket or QUdpSocket. You can rate examples to help us improve the quality of examples. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a lightweight, unreliable, datagram-oriented, connectionless protocol. QUdpSocket is a subclass of QAbstractSocket that allows you to send and receive UDP datagrams. 3 on MACOS10. py2app. QUdpSocket is a subclass of QAbstractSocket that allows you to send and receive UDP datagrams. class UDPDataReceiver: public QObject { Q_OBJECT public: explicit UDPDataReceiver (QObject *parent = nullptr); public slots: void readPendingDatagrams (); private: QUdpSocket m_socket; QHostAddress groupAddress4; }; UDPDataReceiver. QUdpsocket losses datagrams while processing previous one. You can connect a signal to a slot with connect (). Qt cant join multicast group of the specified networkInterface. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. I'm on. A PySide6/QML application consists, at least, of two different files - a file with the QML description of the user interface, and a python file that loads the QML file. QT QUdpSocket: No such file or directory. 在介绍代码结构之前需要熟悉Qt TCP通信需要的一. QUdpSocket class provides a UDP socket. If you need a socket, you have two options:. Any subsequent runs of pyside6-deploy on the project directory, would not require additional parameters like the main. QString QNetworkInterface:: name const. Follow. QHostAddress is normally used with the QTcpSocket, QTcpServer, and QUdpSocket to connect to a host or to set up a server. h. I want to use QUdpScoket Multicast ,but readyRead () signal don't emit. Instead, you should subclass it to create new models. The code needed two QUdpSocket Objects. . 0. Use joinMulticastGroup () and. QUdpSocket is a subclass of PySide. I want to create a simple program to send and receive data using the UDP protokol. And again, if I trigger the readyRead signal, or if I stay in a while loop and read the pending datagrams, I get the information which has been sent already. Returns a list of child objects. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a lightweight, unreliable, datagram-oriented, connectionless protocol. But When I try to make a server app without GUI,I found server can not get the message from client. The main difference is that QUdpSocket transfers data as datagrams instead of as a continuous stream of data. Attention Module: QtNetwork. The optional named argument name defines the slot name. The Qt PDF module contains classes and functions for rendering PDF documents. py2exe. Here's the code I make : void MyUDP::sendUDP () { typedef struct MyStructTag { int test1; bool test2; char test3; } MyStruct; MyStruct envoie; // Sends the datagram datagram // to the host address and at port. QUdpSocket类提供了一个UDP socket套接字 . WRITING: void QPeer::sendData (QByteArray data) { // TODO: write data. It is one of the Model/View Classes and is part of Qt’s model/view framework. C++ (Cpp) QUdpSocket::joinMulticastGroup - 3 examples found. udpSocket = QtNetwork. 5Mbps. Try one of: binding the send socket in write only mode, and the receive one in receive only mode. QAbstractSocket is the base class for QTcpSocket and QUdpSocket and contains all common functionality of these two classes. Hello, What you have to do is modify the line: socket-> bind (QHostAddress ("IP_NETWORK_CARD"), 6007); IP_NETWORK_CARD and replace the IP address you have configured the NIC that is connected to the network. 7. Run RawCap on command prompt and select the Loopback Pseudo-Interface (127. Move object into thead using obj->moveToThread (thread) Connect a signal to a slot in the object that will instatiate the object members (if required)Aug 10, 2021 at 22:25. Test result We built a test program, with 100 packages/20ms, find these result in 2 PC (one is a notebook, the other is a workstation). If you need a socket, you have two options: Instantiate QTcpSocket or QUdpSocket. QUdpSocket also supports UDP multicast. But when I need to get down a dirty, I'll use something like the ACE C++ library. Used to query the proxy settings for a socket. QIODevice is abstract and cannot be instantiated, but it is common to use the interface it defines to provide device-independent I/O features. you were right, I thought each instance of "QUdpSocket" has its own thread, I did what you and mzimmers said about pushing data into another thread to handle them. Share. QUdpSocket has a signal readyRead which is emitted each time a new packet is available, if you are in an event loop I suggest you use it. I also updated the code. Create a native socket descriptor, instantiate QAbstractSocket, and call setSocketDescriptor() to wrap the native socket. hasPendingDatagrams - 22 examples found. The following is the code I am using: udpSocket = new QUdpSocket(this); QByteArray datagram = "Message"; udpSocket->writeDatagram(datagram. Express. Demonstrates how to use the different chart types by using qml. 监控Zabbix_server自身系统状态步骤一、部署LNMP环境1)、购买华为云服务器基础配置:无网_华为平台实例. You can rate examples to help us improve the quality of examples. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. . And again, if I trigger the readyRead signal, or if I stay in a while loop and read the pending datagrams, I get the information which has. BUT when I call 'my_socket->hasPendingDatagrams ()' it returns true and I can read the datagram that is actually there and corresponds to. QUdpSocket readyRead只触发一次; qt中QUdpSocket的readyRead信号不被触发; 求助Qt中QserialPort对象无法发出readyRead信号问题; 记录一次DZNEmptyDataSetView偏移问题解决; 记一次hive问题解决; 记一次跨域问题解决; Qt 发送一次信号触发多次槽函数的解决方法It also doesn't make sense to me that a QtNetwork. I use the connectToHost () method for access to read ()/write () functions. Perhaps by binding but allowing a second socket on the same port to be bound. In short, a datagram is a data packet of limited size (normally smaller. Approach 2: Using pysidedeploy. Now my class works correct. constData (); int bytesWritten = 0; while (bytesWritten < data. Most of its non-GUI subclasses, such as QTimer, QTcpSocket, QUdpSocket, QFtp, and QProcess, are also reentrant, making it possible to use these classes from multiple threads simultaneously. Qt QUdpSocket readyRead() signal is not triggering. setsockopt (socket. They are available on all supported development platforms and on the tested target platforms. QUdpSocket is inherited from QAbstractSocket which is inherited from QIODevice. It is especially well suited for continuous transmission of data. 6 due to qt bug #26538. Hi, Connect the signal to slot before writing the datagram. g. example: socket-> bind (QHostAddress ("192. You get articles that match your. pendingDatagramSize ()) udp. answered Jun 21, 2012 at 10:47. readDatagram (udp. Create a native socket descriptor, instantiate QAbstractSocket, and call setSocketDescriptor() to wrap the native socket. 这里我们不利用多线程实现服务器和客户端的通信,基于套接字的复用操作,实现服务器与多客户端的通信,同时为后续的客户端与客户端通信铺设基础结构。. QHostAddress is normally used with the QTcpSocket, QTcpServer, and QUdpSocket to connect to a host or to set up a server. 7k 13 13 gold badges 72 72 silver badges 110 110 bronze badges. Improve this answer. QNetworkDatagram encapsulates the following information of a datagram: the payload data; the sender address and port number; the destination address and port number; the remaining hop count limit. #include <QUdpSocket> #include <QTextStream> #include <string> #include <QString> #include <iostream> int main () { QTextStream qout (stdout); QUdpSocket *udpSocket = new QUdpSocket (0. enum NetworkLayerProtocol. Some application-level protocols use UDP because it is more lightweight than TCP. UPDATE #2 Wireshark logs: paste. Here is my code:KroMignon @w. Qt QUdpSocket: readyRead() signal and corresponding slot not working as supposed. Could not load branches. cx_Freeze. data(), dato. Q&A for work. The readyRead () signal is just too slow. class QUdpSocketMock : public QUdpSocket { public: // MOCK_METHOD (bool, bind,. I am converting my simple Udp Client application which is working on the Qt C++ but when I try to achieve the same behaviour on the Pyside6 readyRead is not triggered even though the socket seems to be in the ConnectedState. It inherits QAbstractSocket, and it therefore shares most of QTcpSocket's interface. writeDatagram(30) bind(30). QtNetwork. 1. #ifndef RECEIVER_HPP #define RECEIVER_HPP #include <QtCore/QObject> class QUdpSocket; /** * The Receiver class handles the processing of the incoming UDP datagrams. Later on, after the connection is established, I want to call one of the QUdpSocket::write* methods, but that is not working as writeable is false. 1 (MinGW32), so I tried to use a QUdpSocket. import socket import struct MCAST_GRP = '224. Feb 23, 2013 at 17:49. I am trying to receive from Packet Sender software This is my code socket = new QUdpSocket(this); bool result = socket-&gt;bind(QHostA. 3. 终于整好了,树梅派. I also have upgraded to qt 5. Or throwing the socket object across the thread boundary somehow. The most common way to use this class is to bind to an address and port using bind(), then call writeDatagram() and readDatagram() to transfer data. 4. You can rate examples to help us improve the quality of examples. What is the proper way to use a QUdpSocket as a QIODevice? 4. For example, you might have forgotten to deallocate const char *data that you pass to GWCommunicator::send (), or something like that. In the process of debugging with the Qt sources, it was found out that I should set the isSequential () property to true. will create and use a new virtual environment, which is indicated by the command prompt changing. The QUdpSocket class provides a UDP socket. but i get the error: QUdpSocket: No such file or directory. 14. QUdpSocket requires delays between writes. 0. Dubious QBoxLayout is the base class of QHBoxLayout and QVBoxLayout. Basically, I instantiate QUdpSocket and it seems to connect fine because on my log it says "Listening on port". I need it only in linux version, so if any native func it's ok. Show Hide. It means that one application instance must not receive datagrams it sends. Python QUdpSocket. The main difference is that QUdpSocket transfers data as datagrams instead of as a continuous stream of data. Also you can use Wireshark to inspect the network traffic to see if the server is writing the response. If you need a socket, you have two options: Instantiate QTcpSocket or QUdpSocket. It can be used when reliability isn't important. 26. It's never connected. You can rate examples to help us improve the quality of examples. On Unix systems, this is a string containing the type of the interface and optionally a sequence number, such as "eth0", "lo" or "pcn0". QUdpSocket. PySide. You should never need to explicitly split the data, just step through it 8 KB at a time. QAbstractSocket provide setSocketOption, which allow only 4 variants flags (enum). QUdpSocket object created in the Window would belong to the application. qt. C:UsersPC_NAMEAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37-32Scripts> pip install PyQt5. TCP sockets cannot be opened in QIODevice::Unbuffered mode. format is a case insensitive text string. I have dowloaded qntp project source . It is recommended to user port address above 1024 because port number lesser than 1024 are reserved for standard internet protocol. 11. 1、使用方式 使用这个类最常见的方法是使用bind()绑定到一个地址和端口,然后调用writeDatagram()和readDatagram. I'm stuck withC++ (Cpp) QTcpSocket::readAll - 30 examples found. g. Share. How does it work ? The most common way to use QUDPSocket class is to bind to an address and port using bind(), then call writeDatagram() and readDatagram(). qt. It inherits QAbstractSocket, and it therefore shares most of QTcpSocket's interface. QUdpsocket losses datagrams while processing previous one. QUdpSocket. HTML code is Off. Where "this" is the class which contains my QUdpSocket and udpSocket is a QUdpSocket pointer. Hi guys, I'm using a QUdpSocket to receive and send packets. If you want to use the standard QIODevice functions read(), readLine(), write(), etc. // qint64 QUdpSocket::writeDatagram (const QByteArray & datagram, // const QHostAddress & host, quint16 port) socket->writeDatagram. I use the connectToHost () method for access to read ()/write () functions. Blocking Sender. . 15. – Pablo-paul. I have read that without specifying this socket option, the OS won't know if the packet is broadcast or not by just looking at the destination address, and that it needs to be set. The most common way to use this class is to bind to an address and port using bind (), then call writeDatagram () and readDatagram () / receiveDatagram () to transfer data. 1) then just write the name of the packet capture file ( . QIODevice is abstract and cannot be instantiated, but it is common to use the interface it defines to provide device-independent I/O features. decode ("utf-8")) print (host) udp. Qt uses the timer’s thread affinity to determine which thread will emit the timeout() signal. [Windows] First QUdpSocket::bind blocks for three seconds. Qt QUdpSocket: readyRead() signal and corresponding slot not working as supposed. QUdpSocket and broadcast receiver. QUdpSocket. 1. Because when the slot function connected to readyRead() is executing, subsequent. QUdpSocket is a subclass of QAbstractSocket that allows you to send and receive UDP datagrams. 再说说UDP服务器,就是QUdpSocket. 168. QTcpServer 、 QUdpSocket 、 QNetworkAccessManager 、 Fortune Server Example 、 Fortune Client Example 、 Threaded Fortune Server Example 、 Blocking Fortune Client Example 、 Loopback Example 、および Torrent Example も参照してください。 メンバー関数のドキュメント QTcpSocket::QTcpSocket(QObject * parent = nullptr)I want to use some standard QUdpSocket methods to be exact read() and readAll(). In that. The IP header has the Source IP as 192. Anyway, here's something to get you started, but you should look into more concrete examples in QtCreator or google:. Hot Network QuestionsI could not get this to work using the QUdpSocket::bind() functions and the BindFlag as dheerendra suggested. I will be using QUdpSocket for the network interface in what will be a separate thread from the UI thread. I don't know how to receive packets from the external network. See the QAbstractSocket documentation for details. When I try to do immediate back to back writes on a QUdpSocket, only the first write makes it out (according to Wireshark). UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a lightweight, unreliable, datagram-oriented, connectionless protocol. QAbstractSocket is the base class for QTcpSocket and QUdpSocket and contains all common functionality of these two classes. ; Create a native socket descriptor, instantiate QAbstractSocket, and call setSocketDescriptor() to wrap the native socket. This function is useful to write UDP servers. However, when the remote device is disconnected, I want to create a new QUdpSocket and start listening again:vvinhe/qudpsocket. I need it only in linux version, so if any native func it's ok. Now I need to receive multicast from en0 . –能書き トランスポート層のプロトコルは主に二種類ある。 確実だけどめんどくさいTCP 不確実だけど楽チンなUDP 今回はQtのQUdpSocketを用いたUDPのソケット通信を試してみた。 ネットワーク通信については詳述できないしないが、次のページが参. 235" serverUdpSocket->connectToHost (QHostAddress (QHostAddress::LocalHost), 44444);. sqlDialog. QNetworkDatagram. Then emit this signal when you want to show a message with the text as signal parameter. It can be used when reliability isn't important. 3 QUdpsocket losses datagrams while processing previous one. I need to broadcast an udp packet on all network interfaces, using only QIODevice methods (QIODevice::write () and no QUDPSocket::writeDatagram ()), apart from connetcing and binding. cpp. These are the top rated real world C++ (Cpp) examples of QUdpSocket::joinMulticastGroup extracted from open source projects. But the QUdpSocket Class is not appropriate for transfering large data. QUdpSocket is wildly used in M2M scenario, however it seems that QUdpSocket is slower than platform local API in windows, that can cause many package lost. OpenMode. QUdpSocket is a subclass of QAbstractSocket that allows you to send and receive UDP datagrams. QUdpSocket is a subclass of QAbstractSocket that allows you to send and receive UDP datagrams. an int file descriptor and the BSD socket API's sendto () call) it would be okay; however QUdpSocket derives from QObject, and QObjects are not intended to be accessed by multiple threads simultaneously. A Python application that demonstrates how to render a scene in Qt 3D. connectToHost (QHostAddress ("192. On Windows, this is equivalent to the SO_REUSEADDR socket option. First, we need to add network module to our project file, QUdpSocket. In my example, I only want to join the IP address of my. Feb 23, 2013 at 17:49. QUdpSocket is a subclass of QAbstractSocket that allows you to send and receive. The method declaration in the QAbstractSocket class that allows the sokent to be set to an address looks like this. Both writes in the following code indicate success by returning 6 and 8, respectively. In some system using waitForBytesWritten () is enough. Columns and rows behave identically; we will discuss columns, but there are equivalent functions for rows. QIODevice provides both a common implementation and an abstract interface for devices that support reading and writing of blocks of data, such as QFile, QBuffer and QTcpSocket. QObject: Cannot create children for a parent that is in a different thread. I am receiving UDP packets for an external program very second and try to catch them using a QUdpSocket. With UDP, data is sent as packets (datagrams) from one host to another. QUdpSocket is a subclass of QAbstractSocket that allows you to send and receive UDP datagrams. It can be used when reliability isn't important. 254. Create a native socket descriptor, instantiate QAbstractSocket, and call setSocketDescriptor() to wrap the native socket. ;. You can rate examples to help us improve the quality of examples. To ensure that you connect the SIGNAL (readyRead ()) to SLOT (QtReceive ()) after the bind has finished and the QUdpSocket is in a bound state, do the following: void TheClass::Bind () {. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a lightweight, unreliable, datagram-oriented, connectionless protocol. networking. That way I ensured that socket working properly (bytesAvailable() shows number of bytes) and signal/slot mechanism is working too (timeout() signal occurred). ; Create a native socket descriptor, instantiate QAbstractSocket, and call setSocketDescriptor() to wrap the native socket. QUdpSocket is a subclass of QAbstractSocket that allows you to send and receive UDP datagrams. I think the reason for the issue is QUdpSocket itself. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a reliable, stream-oriented, connection-oriented transport protocol. We start by importing QtQuick, which is a QML module. The QAbstractItemModel class is one of the Model/View. 1. MyUDP::MyUDP (QObject *parent) : QObject (parent) { // create a QUDP socket socket = new QUdpSocket (this);10 Answers. Python QUdpSocket - 39 examples found. The packet has arrived at its final destination, just no signal is being emitted by the QUdpSocket class. writeDatagram(msg, QHostAddress::localhost, 8000); qudpsocket对于发送数据报文提供了三个重载函数:2. 1 Answer. Note that these classes are designed to be created and used from within a single thread; creating an object in one thread and calling its functions from. QUdpsocket losses datagrams while processing previous one. The QUdpSocket class provides a UDP socket. QUdpSocket is a subclass of QAbstractSocket that allows you to send and receive UDP datagrams. 6. 5 under Linux. QStyledItemDelegate is the default delegate for all Qt item views, and is installed upon them when they are created. QUdpSocket doesn't emit readyRead() signal. while (udpSocket->hasPendingDatagrams ()) { QByteArray datagram; datagram. QUdpSocket is a subclass of QAbstractSocket that allows you to send and receive UDP datagrams. I have two applications (c++ and python) which communicate via udp localhost, port 2340 and port 2341) On both applications I am bounding the ports with. Attention Module: QtNetwork. Everything depends if you will have a lot of data to process. You can. 2 Link-local Multicast over QUdpSocket on Windows. , a web server with several pre-forked listeners can greatly improve response time). in this order.